Chica: the mountain dog of Pulag

by Gideon Lasco

Chica was the dog who used to guide climbers to Mt. Pulag. In those days when hiring a jeepney to the Ranger Station was not yet common practice, the furry brown dog would follow mountaineers all the way up to the grassland summit. In her short life of four years, she won the affection of many mountaineers, myself included.

Chica was born in early 2001. Her mother was named Strike. Owned by the nearby school's superintendent, Strike would frequently drop by the DENR Protected Area Office, where the kindly staff and rangers would feed her. She felt so at home at the PAO that when she was pregnant, she decided to give birth there. Her offspring were two puppies. One, a male, went back to the superintendent; the other was given to the PAO and being a girl, they named her Chica. His picture as a pup is on the right.

Very soon after her birth, Chica showed signs of animation. She would really follow climbers, and she knew the trail very well. Whenever climbers would follow the wrong trail, Chica would insist on the right way by staying there and barking until the climbers realize that they're on the wrong. Chica loved to eat anything mountaineers with give her: Oreo cookies, Jellyace, and rice.

One time, Chica joined a party who went up from Ambangeg but descended via Akiki. The party, however, did not take a guide with them. They rode the bus from Kabayan but Chica, being afraid of buses, did not ride with them. She wandered around Kabayan for a week, worrying the people at DENR. Fortunately, a mountain guide walking in Kabayan spotted her. However, when the guide tried to take her back to the PAO by riding a vehicle, she refused. Chica only allowed herself to walk by the mountain trails, so the guide had to take her up Akiki and back via Ambangeg, where she was back at her home (her favorite spot was the nipa hut below the office).

I met Chica in 2003. At age 18, I was very excited back then to reach the summit of Mt. Pulag. So excited that I wanted to take the lead in the trail (we took the Ambangeg route but started from PAO). Our team leader permitted me to, and Chica accompanied me. In fact, she guided me, It was a very chilling, rainy afternoon (see left picture). I didn't expect the trail at the grassland to be that muddy, but then finally I saw the MMS stone that once marked the summit. I shouted "Yes" at the top of voice, happy in spite of the cloudy nothingness that enveloped me. Since she was my only companion, I patted Chica, who was wagging her tail, perhaps sharing the excitement I felt.

Definitely other climbers will have their own stories about this dog. Unfortunately, her life came to an end in 2005. She guided foreigners on the way up, but when they got down, Chica was no longer with them. They didn't know where she went, because after they woke up at camp, they could not find her. The DENR people waited and waited, but she did not come back. She never did. A year later, the staff found out that Chica was hunted down and eaten by some fugitives who sought refuge on the other side of Pulag.

Chica may have died in this tragic way, but I'm sure for the climbers who spent a moment with this brown mountain dog, she will live on in their hearts, as memorably as the beautiful mountain which was once her home.

MT. PULAG ITINERARIES
Mt. Pulag/Ambangeg-Ambangeg
Mt. Pulag/Tawangan Trail
Mt. Pulag/ Akiki Trail

Picture of Chica as a newborn pup courtesy of the DENR Protected Area Office; the other picture was taken using the blogger's own camera on Nov. 1, 2003.

Mountain weather

by Gideon Lasco

One of the most important variables in mountaineering is weather. Particularly so in the Philippines, whose tropical setting gives rise to a number of weather disturbances. In 2007, nine typhoons struck the country, from May to October. A significant proportion of mountain-related accidents occur during typhoons. Aside from large-scale phenomenon, there are focal weather-related events that may pose risks for climbers. In some mountains such as Mt. Pinatubo, the outcome is predictable: you can get stranded because of lahar. In others, such as Mt. Makiling, a sudden flash-flood is unpredictable and can sweep away everything in its path. This has happened in the 1990s: picnickers at Flatrocks were afflicted by a flash-flood and their bodies were later discovered floating in the brooks at UPLB campus.

Months and their general conditions
January-February Cold and dry
March-April Hot and dry
May-October Humid and wet, Typhoon season
November-December Cool and dry

With this, it would appear that November-April are the best months to climb. The above pattern, however, cannot be used as a guide. An important feature of tropical weather is its focal variability - that is, (1) small areas of rain; and (2) volatility - it can be raining now but it may be sunny after an hour. Thus, mountaineers must always prepare for all weather conditions. However, weather outlook must still be an important consideration. It is more difficult to trek during rain; a very hot day can also make a trek arduous especially in exposed environments. Also, phographers, astronomers, and those simply looking for a nice view would want to rethink their climb if the weather outlook says its gonna rain. An example is the photo shown here -- this was taken at Pico de Loro but the parrot's beak is nowhere to be seen! On the other hand, waterfalls become grander during rain, and water sources are replenished. Others hold it is less tiring to trek during rain. It's virtually a personal choice!

Recognizing the importance of weather, PinoyMountaineer has begun installing site-specific weather outlook and forecast for each mountain from Accuweather.com -- wherever possible. Fortunately technology has enabled us take information-gathering one step further, and so we must utilize this to make the website more convenient and informative. It must be mentioned as a disclaimer, however, than weather forecasts are not always accurate. It is just meant to be a guide, but when it says "Sunny", that doesn't mean you'll leave your emergency poncho behind.

Also, in each blog entry, under "Special concerns", weather concerns are discussed. You may want to check whether (1) trail exposure to sunlight; (2) geographic predispositions to strong winds such as coastal location; (3) site-specific hazards such as landslide and flashfloods; and (4) the possibility of hail showers and frost.

In general, waterproofing of valuables and clothes is alawys advised. Ziplocks would come in handy, as well as garbage bags. of course, it would be best to have waterproof equipment but one can always improvise. Sunblock of at least SFP 15 is sufficient to protect against sun damage. By the way, ultraviolet waves penetrate the clouds you should still wear sunblock on a cloudy day. Some mountaineers bring umbrellas for both sunny and rainy extremes. There will be times that heat will be generated, or made worse, by humans. The picture on the left is that of Mt. Iglit in Mindoro. It was scorching hot but what made the trail worse was the kaingin (slash-and-burn) practices which charred the grasses. We felt like we were on an oven!

In case you happen to be on a mountain during a supertyphoon hit, don't panic. Stay away from rivers and streams. Stay away also from tall trees which are likely to be fell by the winds. Use the mountain to your advantage by using its slopes as barriers to the wind, but don't stay in slopes that are likely to be eroded by heavy rainfall. Prioritize making yourself warm and dry, and be patient: weather could only improve.

Bottom line? Always check your weather. If you're all set and suddenly a typhoon is headed towards your destination, it is best to be on the safe side. A good mountaineer not only knows how to climb, but when to climb. And when not to.

To end, mountain weather is, to use a figure of speech, as unpredictable as the weather. It won't hurt to always be prepared.

PinoyMountaineer Maps

Mt. Cinco Picos (881+)

MT. CINCO PICOS
Subic, Zambales
Major jump-off: Sitio Cawag Settment, Subic
LLA: 14° 47' N 120° 9' E, 881 MASL
Days required / Hours to summit: 2 days / 6-7 hours
Specs: Major climb, Difficulty 3/9, Trail class 3

BACKGROUND
Mt. Cinco Picos in Subic, Zambales is a hiking destination that is attracting the interest of more and more climbers. Once a training ground for US servicemen stationed in the now-defunct Subic Naval Base, this mountain, like the nearby highlands, is home to the local Aetas who call the mountain "Tatlong Tirad". The Spanish name 'Cinco Picos' represents the five peaks of the mountain. The typical two-day trek in Mt. Cinco Picos starts at an Aeta settlement called Sitio Cawag and will take you past Peaks 1 and 2 to camp at Peak 3 and lets you glimpse at Peaks 4 and 5. Aside from the rolling, grassy slopes that characterize the coastal side of the Zambales mountains, views of Subic Bay, neighboring Mt. Balingkilat, and nearby islands and beaches make climbing Cinco Picos a truly pleasant experience.

Hikers would take the first trip from Manila to Olongapo to arrive there at around 0600H. A jeepney may be arranged to take the group to the Aeta settlement in Sitio Cawag. After securing guides, who ask to be referred to as 'kulots' and a courtesy call to the village chieftain, the rest of the day will be spent trekking. The trails are even, mostly exposed, grassy/rocky, passing by a few streams. There are some steep parts also. The first three peaks become landmarks in the progress of the hike, with the first peak assault occurring less than two hours after start of trek. Huts are in place as rest stations. Ultimately, after six hours, Peak 3 will be reached. Not faraway is the campsite that is nestled between the two peaks beyond. Mt. Balingkilat looms from a distance. Being a coastal mountain, the breezes are truly refreshing.

ITINERARY

Day 1
0300 Take first trip Manila-Olongapo via Victory Liner
0600 ETA Olongapo; take rented jeep to jump-off (P1,600)
0730 Arrival at Sitio Cawag jump-off. Secure guides.
0900 Start trek
0930 Courtesy call to Chieftain; leave settlement
1100 Reach Peak 1
1200 Lunch at hut
1230 Reach Peak 2
1600 ETA Peak 3
1630 Reach campsite
1800 Dinner / socials

Day 2
0600 Wake up / Breakfast
0700 Break camp
0800 Start descent
1130 Lunch at hut
1330 Back at jump-off; Tidy up
1430 Take jeepney back to Olongapo City
1530 ETA Olongapo City. Take bus back to Manila
1900 Back in Manila

SPECIAL CONCERNS
For Mt. Cinco Picos and Balingkilat, a very important resource person is MikeB. You may visit his website to make more specific inquiries. According to his website, advance notice to the Mayor's office is requested of groups wishing to climb either Cinco Picos or Balingkilat. Also, guide fee for two 'kulots', all in, is P600. You may want to contact Mike for help in making climb arrangements through his email, mikeb@mikeb.info.

TRIVIA
The Cawag Settlement was actually where the Aetas sought refuge after the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. The Aetas of Zambales are great outdoorsmen -- tapped by American soldiers to teach them about jungle survival for the Vietnam War and later conflicts. The Jungle Environment Survival Training (JEST) camp originally built for US Special Forces and Navy Seals continue to offer Aeta outdoor knowledge to those wish to learn about it.

Weather Forecast | Weather Maps | Weather Radar

Mt. Makiling/Sto. Tomas Trail (1,090+)

MT. MAKILING (VIA STO. TOMAS)
Sto. Tomas, Batangas
Jump-off: Brgy. San Miguel, Sto. Tomas
LLA: 14.13°N 121.20°E, 1090 MASL (Peak 2)
Hours to Peak 2 / days required: 1-2 days / 7-8 hours
Specs: Major climb, Difficulty 6/9, Trail class 3 with roped segments

BACKGROUND
Much more challenging than the UPLB trail are the trails on the south face of Mt. Makiling, arising from Sto. Tomas, Batangas. The forests teem with limatik and poison ivy and the trails are labyrinthine, spawning a lot of entry and exit points. Moreover, the precarious location of the trails have taken its toll on climbers, causing injuries and even deaths in the past. These elements of danger must be considered by anyone who dare enter Makiling on this side. The rewards, of course, are great: after crossing this difficult trail, going down via UPLB is relatively pleasant, especially during the summer months. The sights along the way, especially in Haring Bato and later in Melkas Ridge, encompass much of Batangas province and the vicinity, including Mt. Maculot (S); Mt. Malipunyo (SE), and Mt. Banahaw (ESE).

'Maktrav' has become the nickname for the Makiling Traverse, and such is the itinerary detailed here. It is commenced on plain ground of rural fields: patches or fields of bananas and corn, and segments of cogon grassland. PinoyMountaineer has isolated two major trail variants of the Sto. Tomas trail. The more often used is the west trail, which is more outlined in the internet as passing landmarks like the Palanggana campsite and peak. The other - the Sipit Trail, goes straight to the Melkas Ridge (Gubatan) campsite. The two have relatively similar time requirements. From the campsite, one will cross the Melkas Ridge itself - some of its parts have ropes to assist you since this is the most precarious part of the trip. At the end is Peak 3, from which another challenging part of the trek begins - the ' Wild Boar Trail' which ultimately leads to Peak 2, or the summit of Mt. Makiling. From here is an easier, more familiar descent via the more commonly used UPLB trail.

After the UPLB trail was closed as an entry point in 2007, there has been renewed interest in the Sto. Tomas trails. An action-packed dayhike, traversing Mt. Makiling, is likewise gaining popularity. Considering the difficulty of carrying heavy packs across Makiling, a dayhike is a good option -- and although there have been several failures in the past (including the blogger's), it is worth a try.

ITINERARIES

Via Palanggana (West) Trail

0430 Assembly at LRT-Buendia, board any bus passing by Sto. Tomas (P84 01/2008)
0600 At Sto. Tomas market, rent jeep to jump-off.
0630 ETA jump-off (Brgy. San Miguel). Register (P20), then proceed to water source
0700 Start trek
1000 ETA Palanggana peak, snacks.
1130 ETA Melkas ridge campsite. Commence Melkas Ridge crossing.
1200 ETA Peak 3. Follow Wild Boar trail to Peak 2
1400 ETA Peak 2 (Mt. Makiling summit). Late lunch
1430 Start descent via UPLB trail
1800 ETA UP College of Forestry; walk down the road and wait for jeepney (P7)
1830 Dinner at Grove, Los Baños (many food options here)
1930 Head back to Los Baños Crossing, take Buendia or Cubao. (note: last trip for Buendia is 2030)

Via Sipit (East) Trail
0430 Assembly at LRT-Buendia, board bus passing by Sto. Tomas to KM. 64 (P87 01/2008)
0600 At KM. 64, take tricycle to 'Bundok' or 'Mt. Makiling' (left of highway).
0630 ETA jump-off. No registration required. Proceed to Resthouse
0700 ETA Resthouse
0730 ETA Station 1 then Station 2 (Kambigan)
0800 Find trail left of Rocky River
1030 Merge with main trail (marked with red and white ribbons). Follow it to the right (NE).
1100 ETA Melkas Ridge campsite. Snacks.
1130 Commence Melkas Ridge crossing
1200 ETA Peak 3. Follow Wild Boar trail to Peak 2
1400 ETA Peak 2 (Mt. Makiling summit). Late lunch
1430 Start descent via UPLB trail
1800 ETA UP College of Forestry; walk down the road and wait for jeepney (P7)
1830 Dinner at Grove, Los Baños (many food options here)
1930 Head back to Los Baños Crossing, take Buendia or Cubao. (last trip for Buendia is 2030)

Notes: (1) There is confusion as to where the real Haring Bato is -- whether it is part of Melkas Ridge or down the line in the Palanggana (West) trail. (2) Gubatan campsite is assumed here to be the same as the Melkas Ridge campsite. (3) The clearing surrounded by cogon right after Melkas may very well be Peak 3, and perhaps this is also Mt. Cornites. Accounts in the internet are conflicting and PinoyMountaineer will update labels in this itinerary as soon as they are verified/rectified.

SPECIAL CONCERNS
The full establishment of the Sto. Tomas trails have yet to come; as of Jan. 2008 the trails are still in poor shape and there are many reports of getting waylaid along the way. Others may attribute their experiences to spirits dwelling in Makiling but in truth, the trails are really confusing. Trails signs are present especially the West trail, usually in form of ribbons, so be watchful (other ribbons have become faded). You can try arranging for guides in Brgy. San Miguel, although no established guide service exists.

Limatik and poison ivy are major concerns also. You may want to have a look on the Limatik FAQs page for more information. As for poison ivy and other noxious plants, a full-cover clothing is recommended. Insect repellant is also highly recommended.

Wild boar traps are said to be in place in some of the hunter trails, so you have to watch out for this. This is also one of the possible pitfalls (literally) of following an alternate track.

As of Jan. 2008 the ropes at Melkas Ridge are still in good condition.

TRIVIA
The blogger unsuccesfully attempted a traverse of Mt. Makiling on Jan. 12, 2008. It was day of continuous rains, and two limatik entered his eyes, one on each eye! The other was manually removed by a friendly villager on his way down, and the other left on its own during his sleep on that night. He also sighted a vine snake (2 meters long) and a horde of goats sheltering from the rain.

Reportedly there are also cults in the Sto. Tomas side of Mt. Makiling, akin to those in Mt. Banahaw, and sometimes they can be hostile or unfriendly.

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Mt. Isarog/Panicuason Trail (1,966+)

MT. ISAROG (VIA PANICUASON TRAIL)
Naga City, Camarines Sur
Major jump-off: Brgy. Panicuason, Naga City
LLA: 13°40' N, 123°21' E, 1966 MASL
Days requires / Hours to summit: 2 days / 8-10 hours
Specs: Major climb, Difficulty 5/9, Trail class 3

BACKGROUND
A paradise at the heart of Camarines Sur is lotfy Mt. Isarog, rising to 1966 MASL. This mountain has a rich biodiversity and beautiful views: its very own mossy forests and verdant crater, an overview of Bicol Peninsula, and a glimpse of majestic Mt. Mayon. It abundance of water is refreshing, with streams and waterfalls encountered along the trails, and sulfuric springs beckon to relax weary mountaineers and other visitors. Its dubbing as "Vulcan de Agua" lives up to expectations: Isarog has 16 major rivers that provide potable water to 15 of the 35 towns of Camarines Sur and irrigate some 67,400 hectares of rice lands at its foot.

There is a cornucopia of species in Mt. Isarog, and most distinguished in the list are the endemic ones: the Mt. Isarog Shrew Mouse, Isarog Striped Shrew Rat, the Isarog Shrew Rat and the Isolated Forest Frog. In all, there are 143 species of birds. Mammals found in the area include, among others, the Philippine deer, monkeys, bats, wildcat and wild pig. There is also a snake that is endemic to Mt. Isarog, but don't worry, it's blind! (Typhlops jagorii). These animal species find refuge in a forest that has more than 1300 species of plants including hardwood trees, mosses, ferns and orchids. Rafflesia, the largest flower genus in the world, have also been sighted in this mountain. You would also encounter mushrooms and a number of colorful insects.

Three trails in Mt. Isarog lead to two different destinations. The commonly used trail, leading to the summit, is the Panicuason trail, which starts at DENR station in Brgy. Panicuason, Naga City. A second trail is the Patag-Patag trail (said to be a misnomer because the trail is far from 'patag' (flat) but steep and challenging, will be discussed on a separate itinerary. Finally, there's the trail from Goa, Camarines Sur, which takes four days.

The initial highlight of a climb in the Panicuason trail are the waterfalls: Malabsay Falls, with its large catchbasin and Nabuntalan Falls which will be visited before reaching Camp 1, around 2 hours away from the jump-off. A series of campsites ensue until the summit, for a total of 8-10 hours trekking time from jump-off. However, usually the trek is interrupted before sundown in what is simply known as 'Campsite', from which the assault to the summit is done the next day. Throughout the trails, you will be surrounded by the mossy forest of Isarog. The trails are described as moderate in difficulty, with ample cover from the trees, an abundance of water sources, and reasonable slopes. Campsites are available as rest stations.

From the Campsite, it takes 90-100 minutes to reach the summit. It is usually started very early morning. At this point, beyond 1500 MASL, the trees become stunted and covered with mosses and liverworts, characteristic of the mossy forest. At the summit viewdeck, a distant Mt. Mayon with its perfect cone shape rises south, and the verdant crater of Isarog can be seen- a vast expanse of land. You can see the waters bounding the Bicol peninsula, as well as the towns of Camarines Sur. It is a rewarding array of sights after a thoroughly challenging trek.

After descent, to make the trip to Bicol worthwhile, favorite sidetrips include a stay at the Camsur Wakeboarding Complex, and the nearby Mt. Asog (Iriga). You may also stay at Consocep Mountain Resort but this is more accessible through the Patag-Patag itinerary since it's in Tigaon. Take time also to visit Lake Buhi, another famous feature of the province.

ITINERARY

Day 0
0800 Take bus to Naga City

Day 1
0500 ETA CBD Bus Terminal, Naga City
0600 Breakfast at Naga City
0700 Take jeep to Brgy. Panicuason jump-off
0800 ETA jump-off, proceed to DENR forestry
0830 Registration / secure guides
0900 Start trek
1000 Visit Malabsay, Nabuntalan, and other waterfalls
1130 ETA Camp 1 / Lunch
1300 Resume trek
1700 ETA Campsite. Set up camp.
1800 Dinner / socials

Day 2
0400 Wake-up call / Breakfast
0600 Commence summit assult
0730 At summit, take pictures
0800 Back to Campsite
0900 Campsite, breakcamp, prepare lunch.etc.
1000 Start Descent
1200 Lunch at trail
0400 Back at jump-off / Tidy up
0500 Head back to Naga City
0600 At Naga City, take return bus to Manila or proceed to sidetrip.

SPECIAL CONCERNS
More trek time may be transferred to Day 2 of the above itinerary to give more time for exploration of the waterfalls on Day 1. For such, a lower campsite (i.e. Camp 1) may be employed.

An entrance fee of Php 75 for students and Php 100 for professionals is required by the DENR Protected Area Office. This office may be reached at +63544728018, with resource persons as follows: Mr. Oscar Dominguez, Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Officer and Ms. Yolda Abante with cp# 09104824615. In this office, which is also the jump-off, guides may readily be secured at P300/day.

For mountain guides and gears, one may also contact Kadlagan Outdoor Shop with address at Dimasalang St., Naga City, telephone no. (63)(54) 472-3305 or e-mail at kadlagan@yahoo.com. Jojo Villareal of Kadlagan may also be reached at 09198006299. KADLAGAN also organizes regular climbs to Mt. Isarog, in cooperation with the local government. Their package tours are highly recommended for groups and individuals alike.

Limatik (blood leeches) are present in this trail especially in the rainy season so prepare accordingly.

A concern is security in the area, particularly NPA presence (insurgency). However, as of Dec. 2007 the trails used to climb Mt. Isarog are considered safe from these threats, and locals have taken steps to protect the mountain.

TRIVIA
Mt. Isarog is Bicol Region's second highest mountain. On Aug. 17, 1935, the national government issued Proclamation 840 that established the Mt. Isarog Forest Reserve. Proclamation 923 declared on July 20, 1938 its 10,112 ha of land as the Mt. Isarog National Park.

Its last eruption was said to be 1641 but Pinoy Mountaineer is still researching on the volcanism of this dormant volcano.

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Mt. Matutum (2,293+)

MT. MATUTUM
Tupi, South Cotabato
Major jump-off: Sito Glandang, Brgy. Kablon, Tupi
LLA: 6°22'N, 125°06.5'E, 2293 MASL Days required / hours to summit: 1-2 days / 4-6 hours
Specs: Minor climb, Difficulty 5/9, Trail class 3

BACKGROUND
Beautifully rising in Tupi, South Cotabato, a town famous for its pineapple plantations, is Mt. Matutum. Its characteristic irregular but imposing cone shape dominates the landscape from General Santos to Koronadal City. It is so grand in its rise that it literally beckons climbers passing by the road from GenSan to Koronadal to climb it. Rising to 2293 MASL, it is considered a active volcano.

Realizing the need to protect the mountain, local officials have made it an ecotourism spot, regulating hiking activity. An interesting feature is the requirement for each climber to plant a seedling in a designated area in the mountain (a good idea!). The motto is "Amyak Maleh Matutum!": Climb and plant Matutum!

Commencing at Brgy. Kablon, the first leg is an open trail passing by rolling hillds surrounded with fields and plantations. An hour away is the first camp, which is also the entrance to the forest. There is a water source here. From this camp to the summit is 3-4 hours of trekking through a dense montane forest, full of vines, mosses, and the usual flora. This forest is host to diverse plant and animal species including the Philippine Eagle. In all, there are 110 plant species and 57 animal species.

At the summit, a 360-degree view is at hand, offering splendid views of General Santos City, Koronadal, and Polomolok, as well as Mt. Parker (NW), the Daguma ranges, and of course, majestic Mt. Apo (NE). A metal railing fences the viewdeck, and a marker bearing the history of the mountain as an ecotourist destination can be found. The summit is a suitable place for camping -- it is the highest point in South Cotabato.

ITINERARY

Day 1
0500 Take bus / transport to Tupi, South Cotabato
0900 ETA Kablon Crossing, Tupi. Take vehicle to Sitio Glandang
0930 ETA jump-off; register at Tourist Guard House / DENR
1100 Start trek
1200 Lunch at Camp 1
1300 Resume trek
1700 ETA summit of Mt. Matutum
1800 Dinner / socials

Day 2
0600 Breakfast / sunrise views
0700 Break camp
0800 Start descent
1200 Back at jump-off; return to highway
1300 Take bus back to Davao / GenSan / Koronadal

SPECIAL CONCERNS
The municipality of Tupi requests climbers to secure permission beforehand / coordinate with the Tourism office before climbing. a P150 climb fee is collected together with a P10 fee for seedlings. Guides may be secured at the tourism office, as well as porters.

Safety, a major concern especially among hikers from Luzon and foreigners, is generally assured in Mt. Matutum. Rain protection, insect repellants, are advised. 3 L of water would suffice for each climber from water source at Camp 1 until Day 2.

It is possible to dayhike Mt. Matutum, especially if you're coming from Koronadal or GenSan. It is comparable to Mt. Makiling (starting from the UPLB College of Forestry) in difficulty.

TRIVIA
It is theorized that Matutum may have exploded on March 7, 1911, and is classified as one of the 22 active volcanos in the country.

RESEARCH
This article is a work in progress: PinoyMountaineer is still making inquiries on contact numbers.

Weather Forecast | Weather Maps | Weather Radar

Limatik (blood leeches): an overview

by Gideon Lasco

This is an article belonging to the 'climb health' category in PinoyMountaineer. Information provided in this article are based on research and are not meant as a substitute to actual medical advice and healthcare.

BACKGROUND
A familiar sight for mountaineers are the leeches that inhabit Philippine forests. There are several species of haemophagic (blood-eating), parasitic mountain leeches in the Philippines, belonging to the subclass Hirudinea. They range from the familiar brown and black ones to banded varieties, including those with green and yellow stripes. They are locally known as 'limatik' (Tagalog), 'limatok' (Bicol and elsewhere), and 'matok' (Cordilleras) among other names. These leeches range from 1-3 cms, and proliferate during the rainy season. Their extremely sharp sense of vibration enables them to detect approaching animals and humans.

For many, they are a nuisance, especially when you open your shoes to find your socks stained red with your own blood. Others have developed a phobia for leeches (bdellophobia), and there have been horror stories about leeches finding their way inside the eyeballs, ears, and other body orifices. In Mt. Banahaw de Lucban, the locals have a particular name (bulalangwan) for a leech that has a notorious tendency to go for soft tissues (i.e. ears, eyes). However you may view these leeches, they are a part of hiking in the Philippines. These blog entry aims for a better understanding of these creatures - and we invite readers to comment about their own 'limatik' experiences!

MOUNTAINS THAT ARE LIMATIK-INFESTED
(mountaineers are invited to challenge/add to this list)

HIGH CONCERN
Mountains with reported high density of limatik, especially during the rainy season but even during other months.

Mt. Halcon and peripheral mountains
Mt. Calavite
Mt. Makiling
Mt. Banahaw de Lucban
Mt. Natib
Mt. Isarog (Patag-Patag trail)
Mt. Kanlaon (Wasay trail)
Mt. Talinis (Cuernos de Negros)
For Mindoro mountains: safe to assume presence of limatiks
For Negros ountains: safe to assume presence of limatiks
Mt. Malindang

SOME CONCERN
Other mountains with reported presence of limatik

Mt. Napulauan
Mt. Ugu
Mt. Pulag (Akiki and Tawangan trails)
Mt. Tabayoc and surrounding areas
Mt. Tapulao
Mt. Makilak (Bataan)
Some areas of Mt. Mariveles
Mt. Pamazam-mazam (Aurora)
Mt. Danayag (Aurora)
Mt. Labo (Camarines Norte)
Mt. Malasimbo (Mindoro)
Mt. Baco (Mindoro)
Mt. Guiting-Guiting (from Camp 2-Bulod's Spring)
Cleopatra's Needle (Palawan)
Mt. Mantalingajan (Palawan)
Mt. Timpoong (Camiguin)
Mountains of the Kitanglad range
Mountains of the Kalatungan range
Mt. Apo (several trails have been reported)

HOW TO PREVENT LIMATIK BITES
Physical, chemical, and botanical means have been reported by mountaineers and mountain guides as strategies to prevent limatik bites.

Physical
The most obvious way, of course, is to physically prevent them from entering your skin by using appropriate clothing. Leggings and rashguards are considered superior to merely wearing trekking pants as the leeches can easily make their way to the skin. Wearing light-colored clothes would also enable you to see the dark-colored leeches coming your way. Avoid shorts, sandos, and sandals for forest trekking. In extremely-infested segments of Mt. Makiling during the height of rainy season (not part of the regular trails), the rangers would also wear ear plugs. Goggles have been proposed also to prevent eye infestation, but PinoyMountaineer does not recommend this because the hiking itself may be compromised. Also, make sure your tents are sealed at nighttime. During rests, do not sit by logs that make access to your skin easier. Nor should your tents be connected with trees or branches.

Chemical
A majority of guides from different Philippine mountains attest to the efficacy of Off lotion in warding off limatik. Its insect repellant properties, of course, add to its value and thus it is the "chemical" of choice. The forest rangers of Mt. Makiling also say that rubbing detergent soap in the surfaces of your socks and pants would deter the leeches; the Mangyans of Mt. Halcon likewise attest to the preventive properties of soap. Alcohol and alcohol-based sprays can be used to remove, but not prevent, limatik bites.

Botanical
The guides of Mt. Kanlaon say that tobacco leaves are useful in prevention. ikmo leaves and the jackfruit peel are some of the anecdotal suggestions elicited from the user comments. The Ifugao dwellers of Mt. Kapugan in Kiangan say they also have a leaf they use as repellent. Still other mountain guides of different mountains say that they have grown used to limatik, and they no longer bother to take them off.

HOW TO REMOVE LIMATIK BITES
Pulling limatiks from your skin is not advisable because it causes the leech to regurgitate (or 'vomit back') the blood it has ingested. It may also aggravate the wound, or cause some part of the leech's jaw to be retained, increasing the risk for infection. Applying a flame, or a alcohol-based solution, is a quick way of removing a leech although it also causes regurgitation. Some studies would say there is risk for disease transmission, but IN GENERAL, this method does not cause removal or infection. Another way is to physically remove the leech by sliding your fingernail beneath its sucker, until its loses its suction.

If the limatik enters your mouth, throat, or nose, gargling with gin or any strong alcoholic beverage should do the trick. In the eyes, physical removal or application of eye drops can remove the limatik ( a lengthier discussion is added below). There might be hemorrhage in the conjunctivae of eyes (eyes will appear red) but this will subside in a matter of days to weeks. If the maneuver is difficult and no one is around to confidently remove the limatik, seek medical attention immediately.

WOUND CARE
Just keep the wound clean. If there is bleeding, cover wound with a bandage. If there is itching, one tablet of an antihistamine such as Claritin (Loratadine) may be taken. Antihistamines, however, have a side effect of drowsiness, so in difficult situations where alertness is a must, it may be safer to defer intake of the medication. A must-watch-out-for scenario is if generalized (whole body) itching occurs in the person bit by a leech, as well as appearance of rashes, sweating, dizziness, fever, and difficulty of breathing. These symptoms may mean the person is having a severe allergic reaction. Give antihistamines as first aid, or more preferably epinephrine. Seek medical attention immediately.

EYE CARE
A much-feared scenario is leech entering your eyes. If this happens (and it can really happen), the most important thing is not to panic. Leeches will not cause blindness and most of the time will not damage your eyes irreparably. However, if you react wrongly to this scenario, damage may occur. Do not rinse your eyes with any chemical substance, although natural substances (such a very diluted alcohol or saline solution) may work. Anecdotally, physical removal of the leech using tweezers have worked, although this sometimes leave a permanent mark in the eyes. According to villagers in Brgy. San Miguel, Sto. Tomas, Batangas, the best thing to do is just wait for the limatik to leave your eyes on its own, or wait for it to be full -- this is when its grip gets loose. The safest is of course seek medical attention. Opthalmic drops would likely be used to loosen the leech, or a lamp may be used to heat the eyes and dislodge it. Fortunately, we have not yet heard of any vision-threatening complication of a limatik bite, but understandably this is a psychologically-distressing situation.

While climbing Mt. Makiling via Sto. Tomas last Jan. 2008, limatik entered both my eyes. A villager removed the on my right. The one on my left eye wouldn't show up, so the villager just advised me to sleep it over. In the middle of the night I was woken by a sensation in my eyes and I felt the limatik leaving. I let it be. The next day I went to PGH-Opthalmology. I had subconjunctival hemorrhage (bloody red areas in my eyes) but I was told it will subside in a matter of 1-2 weeks. I was also given eye antibiotics just to be sure. Throughout this ordeal, it didn't hurt a bit, except for the weird feeling of having a limatik inside your eye.

FREQUENTLY-ASKED QUESTIONS

1. Does a limatik's bite hurt?
The answer is no. Limatiks secrete an anesthetic (pain-killing) substance along with its bite so it won't hurt a thing.

2. Can limatik transmit human diseases?
The risk of transmission is practically zero. There have been reports of bacteria and viruses (including HIV) surviving within a leech's body for months, although the chances of infection from this way is very insignificant. No actual reports of infection due to leeches have been reported, and the extremely low incidence of dangerous bloodborne infectious diseases in remote mountains make this threat very minimal. However, for those who are delicate about their health, yes, there is a theoretical risk of transmission. Again, very minimal.

3. Bleeding from my limatik has not stopped for several hours. Is there anything wrong?
Aside from an anesthetic, leeches also secrete an anticoagulant, a substance that prevents blood from clotting. Thus, you may expect bleeding to last for several hours. This may be aggravated if you have a bleeding problem.

4. How much blood will I lose on a leech bite?
A single leech bite will perhaps get 1-3cc of your blood. Comparatively, a blood donation can get anywhere between 200-500cc. Bottom line, there is no risk of significant blood loss from leech bites.

5. Is there a blood type that leeches favor?
No studies show that there is a favoritism. Interestingly enough, however, a study has found that persons with Type O blood are more likely to be bitten by particular types of mosquitoes.

6. Do you really need to protect yourself from limatik bites?
Based on current evidence and experience, extraordinary prevention from limatik is not required for healthy hikers climbing Philippine mountains. An exception is for those with bleeding and clotting problems (i.e. hemophilia in which steps must be undertaken to prevent infection. Likewise, unless the person is inconvenienced, there is no need to remove a limatik when it is having its blood meal. For reasons other than limatk, however, tightly-fitted clothes and insect repellant use is advised.

This is a constantly updated article. Everyone is invited to contribute and challenge the information given here by both the blogger and the those who posted their comments.

Taal Volcano (311+)

TAAL VOLCANO
Batangas Province
Jump-off point: Talisay, Batangas
LLA: 14°00.1' N, 120°59.1' E, 311 MASL
Days required / Time to summit: Half-day, 45 minutes
Specs: Minor climb, Difficulty 2/9, Trail class 1, Trail length: 1.7kms

This destination is available in PinoyMountaineer Tours. Individuals and groups can avail of affordable, backpacker-friendly rates. For bookings and inquiries, contact us at info@pinoymountaineer.com.

BACKGROUND
Taal Volcano, said to be the smallest active volcano in the world, is a famous tourist spot 50 kilometers south of Manila. Its mysterious shape, as well as its location of being on an island within a lake within an island, makes it a unique geologic wonder, fascinating thousands of tourists – and scientists – yearly. Tales of lost cities, submerged ancient ruins, and peculiar sea creatures add another dimension to the legendary volcano. For outdoor enthusiasts, the mysteries of Taal are unraveled with an adventure that entails crossing Lake Taal, and taking a 45-minute climb to reach the Crater Lake of Taal Volcano.

Unknown to many, Taal was once a colossal volcano, rising to 5800 meters, two-thirds the height of Mt. Everest. Due to its prolific volcanism, however, this grand mountain became reduced to a lake, the present-day Taal Lake, and the once-enormous volcano became Taal. This is the reason why, at the summit of Taal, you would see a circle of highlands: Tagaytay (W), Mt. Batulao (SW), Mt. Maculot (SE), Mt. Malipunyo (E), and Mt. Makiling (NE). A lofty Mt. Banahaw looms in the distant east. Some of these mountains once formed the outer rim of the grand mountain, once the highest peak in the whole of Southeast Asia.

An air of this prehistory remains in Taal, although tourism has a more marked presence. Horses (P400) and even umbrellas will be rented to you upon your arrival, and some will offer themselves as guides. As you go up the 1.7 km trail called “Daang Kastila”, the rocks have a volcanic quality, as expected, and steam vents would be encountered, giving off a sulfuric odor. The path is wide and the ascent benign. Be reminded, however, that this trail is dusty and exposed to the sun, hence it is best done early morning. Nice views abound along the trail, including the structure which is the “Taal Volcano of postcards”, Binintiang Malaki (NW). Near the summit the trail will be a bit steep, but still easy. The culmination, upon reaching the summit, is of course beholding the Crater Lake.

As you gaze downwards to the green, 2-km wide Crater Lake, volcanic steam would effuse up the vents at the NE edge of the lake, and varicolored rocks layer the cliffs that wall the lake. You could trek all the way using down the lake using alternate trails, taking ~30 minutes, and take a refreshing swim. The waters beneath are 100-150m deep, and are mildly sulfuric. Amazingly, there is an island in the crater lake, called Vulcan Point. It is thus an island within a lake within an island within a lake within an island!

The summit of Taal Volcano is also an excellent viewpoint, affording a view of the above-mentioned mountains forming a ‘circle’ around Taal. The volcanic edificies of Taal, The nearby structures, including the crater of Mt. Tabaro (site of the most recent eruptions) and its lava fields (SW), can also be explored given ample time. The Kaygabok shoreline is the jump-off for this trek although interconnecting trails do exist (ask the local guides). In the summit and throughout the volcano, the winds are refreshing and the views even more so: Taal Volcano is one of the best daytrips from Manila.

ITINERARY
0500 ETD Manila to Talisay, Batangas via Lemery (P120)
0800 ETA Talisay. Arrange for pumpboats/guides at lakeshore resorts
0830 Start boatride
0900 At Volcano island, start trek to summit
0945 ETA summit, optional descent to Crater Lake
1030 ETA crater Lake; take a dip
1115 Back at summit, head back
1200 Back at jump-off point, take return boat ride
1300 Back at base hotel or resort, lunch
1400 Head back to Manila
1700 ETA Manila

SPECIAL CONCERNS
Taal Lake Yacht Club offers package tours to Taal Volcano, including the boat ride, guide, entrance to their resort, and a free hut upon your return. This costs P1500/boat (good enough for up to 6 persons) plus P20 per person, quite a reasonable deal considering the convenience. TLYC may be contacted at +63437730192.

Accommodations. Although Batangas is within reach of Manila, a good option is to stay in one of the beachfront hotels as a sidetrip. Visit the list of Batangas hotels to check which would suit your preferences.

You may also try to negotiate prices with the neighboring boatmen. Having a guide along the trail is optional unless you want to explore other parts of Taal. It is advisable to bring 500mL-1L water for the trail, some trail food, and a lot of sun protection. Bring extra clothes if you plan to take a dip in the Crater Lake.

TRIVIA
There have been +/- 33 eruptions of Taal since the 18th century; its most recent eruption was in Sept. 3, 1977. The town of Tanauan was once in present-day Tagaytay; it had to evacuate and rebuilt in a farther location due to one of the eruptions. However, it has kept its old name, Tanauan, which means “View site”, referring to its once scenic location, now flocked by tourists.

Elders say that sharks once swam the waters of Taal Lake. Moreover, therein dwells the Lake Taal Sea Snake (Hydrophis semperi), known to locals as duhol. It is color black or blue, banded with yellow or white stripes, and grows from 50-70 cms in length. It is venomous, much . So brace yourself in your bancas when crossing the lake! Not to worry though: “sea snakes are generally non-aggressive and do not readily attack”, says Arvin Diesmos, who wrote an article about the sea snakes.

Volcano Island is at present a thriving community of more than 5000 inhabitants, whose main industries are fishing in Taal Lake as well as tourism: there are stores selling food and drinks at the summit.

Taal Volcano was the blogger’s birthday climb on his 18th birthday, May 6, 2004.

SELECTED REFERENCES
“The sea snake of Taal Lake” by Arvin C. Diesmos, Haribon Foundation
Taal Volcano Island Expedition Report, Astronomical League of the Philippines, Inc.

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Mt. Ampacao (1,889+)

MT. AMPACAO
Sagada, Mt. Province
Major jump-off: Ambasing Elementary School, Brgy. Ambasing, Sagada
Altitude: 1889 MASL (386 meter gain)
Days required / Hours to summit: Half day, 1.5 hours
specs: Minor climb, Difficulty 2/9, Trail class 1,3

BACKGROUND
Rising above the highland town of Sagada, famous for its natural and cultural wonders, is its highest point, Mt. Ampacao. Laden with pine trees, this mountain offers a beautiful overview of Sagada. It only takes 90 minutes to reach the summit on average pace. The 'ranch', a viewpoint two-thirds up gives beautiful views of nearby villages and mountains, especially on the western side, where one can already see the mountains straddling Ilocos Sur and the Abra-Mt. Province boundary. The panorama includes Mt. Polis (SE), Bessang and Mt. Tirad, site of the famous Tirad Pass (E) and Mt. Sipsipitan (N).

The two important landmarks in the mountain is the ranch and the summit. Apparently, the typical guided tour only reaches the ranch, after which tourists are led to Lake Danum. As a result, the ranch is mistook by some as the summit. Actually, another 20-30 minutes is required to reach the true summit, marked by the Smart cellsite. Here, the views are likewise that of the western panorama. In all, Mt. Ampacao is a refreshing, easy trek and a must-visit for mountaineers who are in Sagada.

ITINERARY
Mt. Ampacao-Lake Danum

0200 Walk down to elementary school at Brgy. Ambasing
0220 Take rough road up; start trek
0300 ETA Ranch, take pictures.
0330 ETA summit; snacks
0400 Start descent
0430 Back at Ranch. Take trail to Lake Danum
0530 Sunset viewing at Lake Danum
0600 Return to town proper by foot or by rented vehicle
0630 Back at Sagada proper

SPECIAL CONCERNS
It is very easy to secure a guide for Mt. Ampacao at the guide office near the junction of Sagada's two main roads (in front of Masferre house). P600 is the standard rate for a guide, good for 1-10 persons. However, the trail is easy to follow and a guide is not necessary. Just follow the road to the ranch, and beyond the ranch there there is a branching footpath to the left, marked with a wooden 'gate'. Take this trail and follow the electric wires as a guide. It only takes 20-30 minutes to negotiate this assault, and before you know it, you're at the summit. If taking a guide, it is best to clarify whether you will be taken (and whether you will be allowed) to the summit. It is also an option to rent a jeep that will take you to the jump-off, and also take you back to the town from Lake Danum. This however is only necessary if you are pressed for time. The Sagada Genuine Guides Assocation blogsite is a helpful reference for contacts, prices, and updates.

Mt. Ampacao is recommended only as a sidetrip to a Sagada adventure. It is typically a 3D/2N trip starting off from Manila via Bontoc (Cable Bus Tours, 2030hr departure, P500+) then a jeepney to Sagada (P35). In Sagada a variety of lodging places are available, ranging from P150-P400/person/night. The suggested return trip is via Baguio City (Lizardo Bus, hourly departures near town hall till 1300hr, P237).

TRIVIA
Rafael, caretaker of the Smart cellsite atop Mt. Ampacao, says hailstone showers occur during the cold months. He also says that lighting struck the tower once. Migratory birds are hunted in the mountain with the traditional bird hunting way, called "ikik".

Sagada is a cultural goldmine and a true mountain haven. Lots have been written in the Internet about it. In summary, just being in the place is a nice experience, at 1502 MASL the climate is very cool and soothing. Must-visit places are Sumaguing Cave, Bomod-ok waterfalls (the Big falls), Lumiang Cave, Echo Valley, and the Hanging Coffins there. The rest are not that remarkable. The culinary experience of Sagada must also be experienced- favorites include the Yoghurt House, the Log Cabin at St. Joseph's, and Masferre's. The pinikpikan is the delicacy to try: it is chicken with a "special preparation". Also noteworthy are the native wines of Sagada (P120 per bottle). They have various flavors: lemon, persimmon, duhat (native plum), strawberry, blueberry, pear, etc. Mountain tea comes very cheap at P10 per packet. Sagada is truly a wonderful, breathtaking place!

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